Kumsika waku China, njira yopangira mafuta agalimoto ili kuti?

Kumsika waku China, njira yopangira mafuta agalimoto ili kuti?

Mmodzi kuchokera ku gulu lankhondo la OEM kupita ku mtundu wodziyimira pawokha

Kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 1980, makampani opanga magalimoto a Sino-akunja anayamba kuonekera ku China, ndipo magalimoto amtundu wapadziko lonse monga Volkswagen, General Motors ndi Ford anayamba kulowa msika waku China. Chifukwa chothedwa nzeru ndi luso lakale lopangira magalimoto, dziko la China likuchoka pang'onopang'ono kuchoka ku mbiri yake yowawa ya magalimoto "opangidwa ndi manja". Kuyambira nthawi imeneyo, Santana, Beijing Jeep, SAIC Volkswagen ndi zitsanzo zina zawonekera m'misewu ya China ndikukhala otchuka m'makampani opanga magalimoto ku China. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, mafakitale okwera ndi otsika a zida zamagalimoto zothandizira magalimoto akukulanso m'dziko lonselo. Mafuta opangira mafuta ndi ofunika kwambiri komanso omveka bwino pamakampani othandizira magalimoto. M'zaka za m'ma 1960, ndi zosowa zamakampani opanga magalimoto komanso zakuthambo, makampani opangira mafuta adayamba kuyamba pang'onopang'ono. Pofika m'ma 1990, makampani opangira mafuta aku China motsogozedwa ndi Great Wall Lubricants adayamba kukula. Panthawi yomweyi, makampani ambiri opangira mafuta adatulukira. Mwachitsanzo, yomwe idakhazikitsidwa mu 2004, mafuta opangira magetsi a Ribang Technology ndi mabizinesi ena odziwika bwino amafuta apanyumba.

Kumayambiriro kwa chitukuko cha makampani opangira mafuta, mabizinesi aku China alibe ukadaulo wokhazikika wamafuta ndi kukonza. Kupyolera mu mgwirizano ndi zopangidwa zakunja, iwo pang'onopang'ono anaunjikira awo mwakuya kupanga ndi processing luso. Pambuyo podziwa pang'onopang'ono kupanga ndi kulamulira khalidwe, mabizinezi ambiri wamba ku China analanda golide zaka kuwuka kwa magalimoto zoweta ndi chitukuko cha galimoto aftermarket, ndipo pang'onopang'ono anayamba kuchokera OEM kupanga zopangidwa atatu kutsogolera msika wa Meijia Shell. . Mtundu wamphamvu ndi bizinesi yolimba, ndipo bizinesi yolimba ndi dziko lolimba. M'zaka khumi zikubwerazi, zodziyimira pawokha zapakhomo zidzapitilira kukwera, pomwe malo otsogola pamsika amitundu yodziwika bwino yapadziko lonse lapansi adzatsika pang'onopang'ono. Ma Brand amapikisana ndi omwe ali paudindo ndi chidwi cha msika, kupanga kosinthika komanso magwiridwe antchito okwera mtengo. Zofunikira zikuwonetsa kuti mu 2021, mafuta akunja akunja amakhala ndi 93.9% pamsika wapakhomo, pomwe zodziyimira pawokha zimangotenga 6.1% ya msika. Msika waukulu wamafuta apanyumba uli pafupifupi wolamulidwa ndi mitundu yakunja.

Chachiwiri, kuchokera panjira kupita kuzinthu zenizeni, kuchokera pamtengo kupita ku ntchito

M'mbuyomu, msika wamafuta am'nyumba udakhala ndi mitundu itatu yayikulu komanso mitundu ina yapadziko lonse lapansi, yomwe imawerengera pafupifupi 97% ya msika. Choncho, m'mbuyomu, ogulitsa mafuta ankadziwa bwino njira zoyambira, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti ufulu wolankhula m'derali, komanso umatanthauza kuti mukhoza kunama kuti mupange ndalama, ndipo phindu ndi lolemera kwambiri. Masiku ano, pali mitundu yopitilira 6,000 yamafuta pamsika wapanyumba. Zomwe msika ukusowa sizikhalanso zogulitsa, osasiyapo njira. Kuphatikizidwa ndi kuwonjezeka kwakukulu kwa chidziwitso chowonekera, kupeza sikulinso kovuta. Kaya mankhwalawo okha angabweretse phindu linalake kwa wogulitsa wakhala muyezo wofunikira mu nthawi ya voliyumu yamkati. Mitundu yapadziko lonse lapansi monga mitundu ikuluikulu itatu yakhala oyambitsa msika chifukwa chakuchulukira kwamisika yawo komanso mapindu amtengo wotsika. Ndiye pali zida zakale zotsika, koma tsopano zasinthidwa mwakachetechete ndi mitundu yawoyawo. Ntchito zokwererako zoyengedwa bwino komanso kuwongolera msika mokhazikika kwakhala zosankha zapakati - komanso zanthawi yayitali kwa ogulitsa ambiri.

Miyezo yamafuta amafuta imapezekanso pafupipafupi, ndipo kupeka kwamtundu kumakonda kuchitika m'makampani apadziko lonse lapansi monga mitundu itatu yayikulu. Chifukwa njira zowongolera ndizovuta kuwongolera mosamalitsa komanso kuzindikira kwa msika ndikokwera kwambiri, palibe malo opangira zabodza, koma chifukwa cha zinthu monga kuwongolera njira ndi kuwongolera ntchito zamtundu wodziyimira pawokha, komanso kufooka mphamvu zogulira ndi zina, pali fake. Mafuta apanyumba amatsindika zapamwamba komanso zotsika mtengo. Kupyolera mu kuwongolera mtengo wa kumtunda ndi kumunsi kwa unyolo wa mafakitale, tikhoza kupanga zinthu zapamwamba komanso zotsika mtengo, kuchepetsa nthawi zonse mtengo wa mafuta odzola, ndikupindula mwachindunji ambiri a eni magalimoto. M'zaka zaposachedwa, zodziyimira pawokha zapakhomo zazindikiranso kuti nkhondo yamtengo wapatali singakhale mphamvu yothandizira kupititsa patsogolo kwa mtunduwo, ndipo awonjezera kuyesetsa kwawo pakutsatsa malonda ndi ntchito, monga kutenga malingaliro a ogula osatha. ndi kugwiritsa ntchito zoulutsira nkhani zatsopano zazikuluzikulu zofalitsa, zomwe zachita gawo linalake.

Njira zitatu za mgwirizano

Kuchokera ku mabizinesi oyandikira kupita kumtunda mpaka kufupi ndi opereka chithandizo chakutsika m'mbuyomu, makampani opangira mafuta anali olamulidwa ndi opanga. Ubale pakati pa wogulitsa ndi wopanga ndi umodzi chabe wa kugula ndi kugulitsa. Ogulitsa amakhala ngati opanga zinthu ndi katundu. Kukhuthala kwa njira yosinthira kwa wopanga ndi yotsika kwambiri, osasiya kukhulupirika. Munthawi yomwe ma tchanelo ali mfumu, phindu ndilo ulalo wokhawo. Pali phindu, sipadzakhala kusowa kwa ogwirizana.

Kukakamira pakati pa ogulitsa ndi opanga kwakhala chinthu chofunikira kwambiri chokhazikika kwa opanga. Pofuna kuthandizira ogulitsa, opanga adzaika ndalama zowonjezera kwa ogulitsa, ndipo ngakhale ogulitsa kwambiri m'derali kuti akwaniritse bwino msika wachigawo. Chifukwa chake, "kumira" kwakhala kulira kwamagulu odziyimira pawokha kuti ayambitse kuwukira pamsika. Mwachitsanzo, mafuta opangira mafuta a Ribon amaphatikiza zokonda za wina ndi mnzake, ndipo amalola ogulitsa kuti akhale gawo la fakitale kudzera kugawana kapena kugawa, kuti akwaniritse njira yogawa phindu kwanthawi yayitali.

Kusiyana kwa maudindo anayi

Msika wothira mafuta ndi wodzaza ndi mwayi, komanso zovuta komanso misampha. Pakadali pano, pali zinthu zisanu ndi chimodzi zazikulu pakukula kwamafuta amsika amsika wamsika:

Choyamba, pangani molimba ma brand odziyimira pawokha, chidwi chochulukirapo pamitundu yodziyimira payokha.

Monga mafuta opaka mafuta a Great Wall, Longpan Technology, Compton, ziro kilometers mafuta opaka mafuta ndi zina zotero.

Chachiwiri ndikupereka mosasunthika zinthu zothandizira zodziyimira pawokha. Kuphatikiza pa mafuta opaka mafuta, palinso zinthu zomwe zimathandizira mafuta opaka mafuta, monga mafuta amafuta, zowonjezera zokonzera injini yamafuta, komanso zinthu zochokera m'madzi monga antifreeze. Mwachitsanzo, Longpan Technology imapanga zinthu zochokera m'madzi kuti zipititse patsogolo luso lantchito za msasa wamtundu wake ndikukhala pamsika.

Chachitatu, zimatengera mtundu wake ngati mbendera, ndikuyesetsa kukhala "Liangshan Hero base" yomwe imasonkhanitsa mitundu yambiri yamafuta monga Petrochemical, Lake Technology, ndi New Century New Energy, kuyang'ana kwambiri kuyika kwa OEM. Tikukhulupirira kuti kudzera mu mphamvu yake ya fakitale, ikhala malo akumbuyo ndi chithandizo chamitundu yambiri ndikuthandizira mitundu yodziyimira payokha kupita kutali.

Chachinayi, kupanga OEM oyambirira ndi kafukufuku ndi chitukuko monga phindu pachimake. Pomwe tikupitilizabe kupikisana kwa OEM, tsopano tikupanga mwamphamvu mitundu yodziyimira payokha ya OBM, monga Meihe Technology, Yuangen Petrochemical, ndi zina zotero, kuti tikwaniritse chitukuko chofananira cha ma drive awiri.

Chachisanu, ndi chisinthiko ndi chitukuko cha njira zina, kusakanikirana ndi kusinthika kwazinthu, mphamvu zina zatsopano zotsogozedwa ndi zogula zapakati ndi zogulitsira zikukwera, zomwe zidzagwirizane ndi ubwino wofanana wa mafuta otsogolera akuluakulu. Mabizinesi kuti agwirizane ndi OEM, kapena mgwirizano wamalayisensi wamtundu umodzi, kapena mgwirizano wamitundu iwiri. Ndi njira ndi mgwirizano ndi mafakitale apamwamba omwe apeza chitukuko chofulumira.

Chachisanu ndi chimodzi, m'zaka zaposachedwa, mitundu ina yodziwika bwino padziko lonse lapansi yazaka 100 yakhala ogulitsa kwambiri magulu amtundu wa zida zogwirira ntchito patatha zaka zana akulima movutikira.

Panthawi imodzimodziyo, chikoka cha chizindikiro chadziwikanso ndi msika. Kupyolera mu mfundo okhwima mankhwala padziko lonse, OEM certification dongosolo miyezo, ndipo pamodzi ndi ntchito msika, komanso analowa lubricant mankhwala njanji ndi akwaniritsa chitukuko mofulumira.

Kumbali imodzi, mafuta odzola ndi mpikisano pakati pa mitundu, ndipo kumbali ina, ndi mpikisano pakati pa zoperekera ndi zabwino zamafakitale kumbuyo kwa mtunduwo. M'makampani ogulitsa magalimoto, chinthu chimodzi chokha chomwe chingakhale kamvekedwe kosatha, ndiko: kupatsa makasitomala mtengo wamtengo wapatali komanso zinthu zotsika mtengo komanso zotsika mtengo kwambiri. Mosasamala kanthu za nkhondo yamtengo wapatali, chofunika kwambiri ndi kudzikundikira ndi kulamulira kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana mu malonda. Ndizovuta kunena kuti ndani angathe kusewera bwino ndikupitiriza kusewera bwino. Ndemanga zamsika zidzatsimikizira kuti opambana okha a mtundu + utumiki + mankhwala + mtengo wamtengo wapatali akhoza kutuluka mubwalo.